Works in Progress Magazine

Many cities face railway lines that end at the edge of the city center, but connecting railways onto tram networks, as in Karlsruhe, Germany, offers an affordable solution that dramatically increases ridership by allowing direct journeys to the heart of urban areas with fewer transfers. The tram-train model developed in Karlsruhe, now carrying 170 million annual passengers, is presented as a cost-effective alternative to expensive tunneled through-running, particularly for smaller cities like Oxford, Tours, and Charlotte.

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